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Eucharistic discipline is the term applied to the regulations and practices associated with an individual preparing for the reception of the Eucharist. Different traditions require varying degrees of preparation, which may include a period of fasting, prayer, repentance, and confession. ==Catholic practice== (詳細はmortal sin should first make a sacramental confession: otherwise that person commits a sacrilege. A sacrilege is the unworthy treatment of sacred things. Deliberate and irreverent treatment of the Eucharist is the worst of all sacrileges, as this quote from the Council of Trent shows: "As of all the sacred mysteries ...none can compare with the ...Eucharist, so likewise for no crime is there heavier punishment to be feared from God than for the unholy or irreligious use by the faithful of that which...contains the very Author and Source of holiness." (De Euch., v.i). The above applies to both Latin and Eastern Catholics. In addition, they abstain from food and drink (except water and medicine) for at least one hour before receiving, and believe truly in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The discipline for Eastern Catholics generally requires a longer period of fasting and some Latin Catholics observe the earlier (pre-1955) discipline of fasting from the previous midnight. The official regulations of the Latin Church are found in Book IV, Part I, Title III, Chapter I, Article 2 (Participation in the Holy Eucharist) of the Code of Canon Law: :''Can. 916: A person who is conscious of grave sin is not to celebrate Mass or receive the body of the Lord without previous sacramental confession unless there is a grave reason and there is no opportunity to confess; in this case the person is to remember the obligation to make an act of perfect contrition which includes the resolution of confessing as soon as possible.'' :''Can. 919: §1. A person who is to receive the Most Holy Eucharist is to abstain for at least one hour before holy communion from any food and drink, except for only water and medicine.'' ::''§2. A priest who celebrates the Most Holy Eucharist two or three times on the same day can take something before the second or third celebration even if there is less than one hour between them.'' ::''§3. The elderly, the infirm, and those who care for them can receive the Most Holy Eucharist even if they have eaten something within the preceding hour.'' () Eastern Catholic Churches have exactly the same rule regarding the obligation to receiving the sacrament of Penance or Reconciliation before taking Communion,〔(Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 711 )〕 while the rules regarding fasting, prayer and other works of piety vary somewhat in accordance with the tradition of each Eastern Church.〔(Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 713 )〕 The rules of the Eastern Catholic Churches of Byzantine tradition correspond to those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, as detailed in the next section. ==Eastern Orthodox practice== Orthodox Christians are required to fast from all food and drink and abstain from marital relations〔() "The Fasting Rule of the Orthodox Church", Retrieved 2011-09-11〕〔() "The Orthodox Wiki — Marital fasting", Retrieved 2011-09-11〕 in preparation for receiving the Eucharist, the fast commencing no later than when the communicant retires to sleep the preceding evening and no later than midnight or, depending on local tradition, or even from Vespers or sunset the night before. The abstinence from marital relations extends through the preceding day (for which reason married priests may not celebrate the Holy Liturgy daily) and in some places (notably in Russia), a married priest sleeps in a separate bed from his wife the night before celebrating the Liturgy. Fasting in monastic practice can be even more strict, requiring a strict fast for the previous day as well. During this fasting period, many faithful will keep a period of quiet reflection; for example, by limiting or turning off their television and by reading devotional literature. Fasting regulations are often relaxed for pregnant women, the ill, the elderly, and young children. Whether menstruating women should be permitted to receive the Eucharist is a matter of some controversy.〔http://www.stnina.org/journal/art/3.2.2〕 Traditional churches do not allow menstruating women to enter the nave of the church or receive any of the Sacred Mysteries (Sacraments) except ''in extremis'', while some other churches permit both. Men who are bleeding, for instance from a recently extracted tooth, also should not receive Holy Communion unless they are in danger of death. Orthodox Christians typically receive the Mystery of Confession before receiving the Eucharist. Those receiving the Eucharist infrequently will usually go to confession before each time, while those receiving on a regular basis will go to confession more frequently—typically, once a month at a minimum. However, for those who are either mentally incapable of recognising or recalling their sins, or who are mentally or physically incapable of communicating their sins to a priest, this requirement is dispensed with, just as it is for very young children. In some parts of the Russian church, the day before receiving Holy Communion, there is a custom that each person who intends to communicate, in addition to reading the Morning and Evening Prayers and attending Vespers the night before, reads three devotional canons and an akathist. The canons will usually be to the Lord, the Theotokos and the Guardian Angel. There is a tradition, among those who have the liturgical resources, to chant the following canons according to the day of the week: *For a Liturgy falling on a Monday: Canon to the Lord, the Theotokos, the Archangels, and if he so desire, the Guardian Angel *On a Tuesday: Canon to Lord, the Theotokos, the Forerunner, and the Guardian Angel *On a Wednesday: Canon to the Lord, the Theotokos, and the Guardian Angel *On a Thursday: Canon to the Lord, the Theotokos, the Guardian Angel, the Apostles and, if he so desire, Saint Nicholas *On a Friday: Canon to the Cross, the Theotokos, and the Guardian Angel *On a Saturday: Canon to the Lord, the Theotokos, the Guardian Angel, and All Saints *On a Sunday: Canon to the Lord, the Theotokos, and the Guardian Angel For Pascha (Easter) and Bright Week, the requirement for three canons and an akathist is usually relaxed. In all Orthodox churches, special pre- and post-Communion prayers are recited by the faithful before and after the Eucharist. In current practice, at least a portion of the pre-Communion prayers are usually recited during the Divine Liturgy. These prayers express humility and the communicants' sense of unworthiness for the gift they are about to receive. The post-Communion prayers are often read aloud by a single member of the congregation (often a reader) after the end of the Liturgy and during the Veneration of the Cross. These prayers of thanksgiving express the communicants' joy at having received Christ "for the healing of soul and body." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eucharistic discipline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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